The Kingdom of the Two Sicilies in Southern Italy was ruled by monarchs from its establishment in 1816 to its incorporation into the Kingdom of Italy in 1861.

Joachim Murat was the first king to rule a kingdom called "Two Sicilies" by the Edict of Bayonne, in 1808.

Though he controlled the mainland, he never physically controlled the island of Sicily, where his Bourbon rival had fled from Naples.

[1][2] After the Congress of Vienna in 1815, the title of king of Two Sicilies was adopted by Ferdinand IV of Naples in 1816.

He had previously been king separately of both Naples and Sicily.