Following the proclamation of the Republic, Turkish museums developed considerably, mainly due to the importance Atatürk had attached to the research and exhibition of artifacts of Anatolia.
The Turkish Archaeological Museum (Türk Asar-ı Atikası), which was established during the first years of the Republic, carried out studies to gather, collate, catalogue and protect archaeological and ethnographical finds.
In many provinces of Anatolia, monumental buildings such as ancient churches, mosques and caravanserais were restored and converted into museums.
Topkapı Palace, which was converted into a museum with the furniture and works of art on the premises, was opened to the public in 1927.
New museums were established in Bursa, Adana, Manisa, İzmir, Kayseri, Antalya, Afyon, Bergama, and Edirne.