A country's constitution may give elections a fixed timing (i.e. United States, Switzerland and Sweden) while some allow the government to dissolve Parliament and call a new vote up to a certain time limit (United Kingdom, Israel and Japan).
Some constitutions may require parliaments to elect the head of state under threat of dissolution (Greece before 2019).
International standards set a number of rules to judge whether the election is unfair.
[3] Elections may also be unfair if unlawful political campaign financing favours particular interest groups, or if the law implicitly favors some through this means.
[4] The National Democratic Institute also maintains a calendar of general elections.