List of orogenies

orogenies organised by continent, starting with the oldest in each.

The headings are present-day continents, which may differ from the geography contemporary to the orogenies.

As with other geological phenomena, orogenies are often subject to , type and associated paleogeography.

In some (especially older) literature, the term orogeny refers to a long episode of basin formation and deposition of sediments over hundreds of millions of years, ending with deformation (sometimes including metamorphism) of these deposits.

However, some workers use the term only for the final mountain-building deformation event over tens of millions of years or shorter.