Anemia of chronic disease No folate or B12 Ethanol Marrow failure & hemaglobinopathies Iron deficient Acute & chronic blood loss "You're a SAD BET with these risk factors": Sex: male Age: middle-aged, elderly Diabetes mellitus BP high: hypertension Elevated cholesterol Tobacco CARCinoid: Cutaneous flushing Asthmatic wheezing Right sided valvular heart lesions Cramping and diarrhea
5 F's: Fat Female Fair (gallstones more common in Caucasians) Fertile (premenopausal- increased estrogen is thought to increase cholesterol levels in bile and decrease gallbladder contractions) Forty or above (age)[2] Common are 3 C's: Cirrhosis Carcinoma Cardiac failure Rarer are 3 C's: Cholestasis Cysts Cellular infiltration
Muscle weakness Urine: oliguria, anuria Respiratory distress Decreased cardiac contractility EKG changes (peaked T waves; QRS widening) Reflexes: Hyperreflexia or areflexia (flaccid)
PERICarditis: Pulsus paradoxus ECG changes Rub Increased JVP Chest pain [worse on inspiration, better when leaning forward]
abcdefghij Asterixis, Ascites, Ankle oedema, Atrophy of testicles Bruising Clubbing/ Colour change of nails (leuconychia) Dupuytren’s contracture Encephalopathy / palmar Erythema Foetor hepaticus Gynaecomastia Hepatomegaly Increase size of parotids Jaundice[5]