The largest protected areas are Nordaust-Svalbard Nature Reserve and Søraust-Svalbard Nature Reserve, which cover most of the areas east of the main island of Spitsbergen, including the islands of Nordaustlandet, Edgeøya, Barentsøya, Kong Karls Land and Kvitøya.
Ten of the bird sanctuaries and the Moffen Nature Reserve are located within national parks.
[1] Svalbard is on Norway's tentative list for nomination as a UNESCO World Heritage Site.
[1] Two primarily terrestrial mammalian species inhabit the archipelago: the Arctic fox and the Svalbard reindeer.
There are 15 to 20 types of marine mammals, including whales, dolphins, seals, walruses, and polar bears.
The Barents Sea is among the areas in the world with most seabirds, with about 20 million individuals during late summer.