This lists significant accidents involving railway rolling stock, including crashes, fires and incidents of crew being overcome by locomotive emissions.
Other railway-related incidents such as the King's Cross fire of 1987 or the 7 July 2005 London bombings are not included.
Before 1830: the 1815 Philadelphia train accident, a boiler explosion of "Brunton's Mechanical Traveller" on a plateway killed 16 people, mainly sightseers.
The Chancery Lane derailment in 2003 led to a closure of the Central line whilst urgent safety checks were undertaken.
Fatal accidents killed one person each in 2020, 2022 and 2023; two were passengers who fell onto the tracks and one was in a car that crashed into the railway line.