Before this, the surviving buildings include two halls, Smithills Hall and Hall i' th' Wood, a church, St Mary the Virgin's Church, Deane, farmhouses, farm buildings, houses and cottages.
The major industry in the town was fine cotton spinning.
At one time there were about 160 cotton mills, of which only a few survive, they are listed, and are now used for other purposes.
[1] The majority of the listed buildings are houses, mainly those provided for workers in the mills and other industries, including engineering.
The other listed buildings include larger houses and associated structures, churches and items in the churchyards, bridges, shops, civic buildings, hotels and public houses, schools, railway viaducts, banks, statues, memorials, and two groups of telephone kiosks.