Lithium is a census-designated place and former village located in Perry County, Missouri, United States.

[6] Lithium had a ZIP Code of 63775, but it has since been declared by the USPS to be "Not Acceptable - Use Perryville.

The first settlers were Dr. Henry Clay Fish, Richard P. Dobbs and James G. Christian, who all came to Missouri from Illinois.

The location of the town was determined by two mineral springs, which were highly prized on account of their medicinal qualities, which led to the construction of a bath house by Thomas King in 1883.

[1] According to the United States Census Bureau, the village has a total area of 0.06 square miles (0.16 km2), all land.