Lithraea caustica (commonly known as the litre tree,[1]: 237  and historically as llithi or liti[2]) is a species of flowering plants in the soapberry family Anacardiaceae.

It can grow to be a full tree when undisturbed;[4] the tree-like formation was formerly common, but it is now most frequently found as a shrub due to changing patterns of land use.

It grows large, underground burls from which new growth will emerge after it is cut or burned down;[4]: 98  it shares this trait with most of the woody plants in its region.

[6]: 252  Instrumental in this dispersal are both birds (Turdus falklandii, Mimus thenca, Phytotoma rara) and foxes (Pseudalopex spp.

Explorer and botanist Louis Feuillée reported that sailors on his expedition experienced severe reactions after cutting down some 'Llithi' trees.