[5] Shortly after the ban was lifted, the Lithuanian Learned Society was founded in 1907, which counted some mathematicians as members.

[6][3] In 1940 Lithuania was occupied by the Soviet Union, and in 1941 it was invaded by the Nazis as part of Operation Barbarossa.

[3] Kubilius' international reputation as a mathematician was growing, and the Soviets allowed the creation of the society.

[3] The LMS was involved in the founding of the Lithuanian Mathematical Journal [nl] in 1961, which since 2008 has been published by Springer.

[3][7] Together with Vilnius University, the LMS publishes Lietuvos matematikos rinkinys [lt], a journal of research mathematics in both Lithuanian and English.