The Little Salmon River is a tributary of Lake Ontario located in Oswego County, New York.

The river was known by the Iroquois as Cas-son-ta-che-go-na, translated as "river of great bark" or "large pieces of bark lying down, ready for building".

[6] The Little Salmon River drains an approximately 85-square-mile (220 km2) watershed, which is primarily agricultural and residential in nature.

The lower Little Salmon River provides habitat for a variety of resident fish species, including brown bullhead, white suckers, rock bass, largemouth bass, and northern pike.

[4] In 2015, 3,410 six-inch-long (15 cm) steelhead were stocked in the river by the New York State Department of Environmental Conservation.