Liu Qingxu

[1] He was born in 1949 and is a native of Liujiajing, Qingzhou, Shandong, named Shichang (世昌), known as old man Xu (虚老人), his father was an official in the imperial court, and he himself was a feudal intellectual who was deeply influenced by Confucianism.

During Wang's lifetime, Liu became the leader of the Mohou Yizhu Jiao (末后一着教) group in Hankou.

Before his death in 1884, Wang Jueyi passed the leadership to Liu Qingxu and he has since become the 16th patriarch to continue the Taoist lineage.

[2] He also changed the approach of the group he led by no longer opposing the then ruling government like his predecessors and do mass global transmission (大开普度) in Qingzhou as far north as Dezhou, Zhili.

[2] Due to Liu Qingxu's background, many of the followers she recruited belonged to the intellectual class, and although her preaching began to shift to the countryside, her teachings were not as widespread and not as large as in Wang Jueyi's time.