Pagus of Liugas

Liugas, Leuwa-gau, or Luihgau, was a small pagus or gau from the late 8th to mid-11th centuries, east of the Meuse (or Maas) river roughly between Liège, Maastricht, and Aachen, an area where Germany, Belgium and the Netherlands meet today.

In the 20th century historians such as Manfred Van Rey and Ulrich Nonn have continued to question the traditional explanation of Liugas as a "Liège gau".

The treaty of Meerssen in 870, which divided the Frankish kingdoms along the Meuse, is the only record which indicates a left-bank part to the county, but this document also explicitly doesn't include Liège in Liugas.

[8] The medieval records consistently spell the pagus name in a wide range of ways, using -ch-, -k-, -g-, -v-, -w- (for example Leukro, Liugas, Luviensi, Liwensi), never with a -d- or -t-.

The city, on the other hand, always had a dental consonant -d- (Leodensis etc) until about 980, when Lethgia and Ledgia appear, followed by occasional forms such as Legia, although spelling with -d- continued to dominate.

The places named as being in the pagus are on the eastern side of the river Meuse, between Liège and the nearby imperial capital in Aachen, which is in what is now Germany.

As summarized by Ulrich Nonn, up to the year 900:[9] Sigehard (attested 902–920), is presumed to be the same Lotharingian count mentioned holding lands in the Pagus of Hainaut in this period, in 908 and 920.

Also speculated to have had comital (or similar) status have been: In the area of the pagus of Liugas, the counties of Dalhem (fr)(nl) and Limburg developed in the 11th and 12th centuries.