London Underground carriages

"Dreadnought" carriages were introduced on the Metropolitan main line in 1910, and these conveyed passengers until replaced by A Stock multiple units in the early 1960s.

By 1864, the Met had taken delivery of its own stock, made by the Ashbury Railway Carriage & Iron Co., based on the GWR design but standard gauge.

[3] Initially the carriages were braked with wooden blocks operated by hand from the guards' compartments at the front and back of the train, giving off a distinctive smell.

[8] After some derailments in 1887, a new design of 27 feet 6 inches (8.38 m) long rigid-wheelbase four-wheelers known as Jubilee Stock was built by the Cravens Railway Carriage and Wagon Co. for the extension line.

This gave a better ride quality, steam heating, automatic vacuum brakes, electric lighting and upholstered seating in all classes.

[17] In 1923 the railway was closed for reconstruction and tunnel enlargement, and the line reopened using newly built Standard Stock electrical multiple units.

[21] Initially there were 168 vehicles, 45 feet 6 inches (13.87 m) long, with access via sliding doors leading to a gated platform as on the City & South London.

[23] Competition with the Great Central Railway on outer suburban services on the extension line saw the introduction of more comfortable Dreadnought Stock carriages from 1910.

[24] A total of 92 of these wooden compartment carriages were built, fitted with pressurised gas lighting and steam heating.

[27] Named Mayflower and Galatea, each Pullman coach seated up to 19 passengers, and for a supplementary fare of 6d or 1s breakfast, luncheon, tea or supper could be purchased.

[28] Between 1906 and 1924 the Ashbury bogie stock were converted into electric multiple units, and most were withdrawn in 1939 after the Bakerloo line had been extended to Stanmore.

[30] LNER C13 Class locomotives were initially used for this push-pull working, along with two three-car sets of bogie stock from the multiple units.

C&SLR electric loco and "padded cell" car
A Metropolitan Railway Dreadnought coach
Train of Ashbury stock at Chesham in August 1960
District Railway No 100