Loop quantum cosmology

In particular, quantum geometry creates a brand new repulsive force which is totally negligible at low space-time curvature but rises very rapidly in the Planck regime, overwhelming the classical gravitational attraction and thereby resolving singularities of general relativity.

Study of LQC has led to many successes, including the emergence of a possible mechanism for cosmic inflation, resolution of gravitational singularities, as well as the development of effective semi-classical Hamiltonians.

This subfield originated in 1999 by Martin Bojowald, and further developed in particular by Abhay Ashtekar and Jerzy Lewandowski, as well as Tomasz Pawłowski and Parampreet Singh, et al.

In late 2012 LQC represented a very active field in physics, with about three hundred papers on the subject published in the literature.

[10] The effective dynamics approach has been extensively used in loop quantum cosmology to describe physics at the Planck scale and the very early universe.