Alibert was born in Bram in the Aude, in Lauragais, on 12 October 1884, to a family of peasants who spoke Occitan.
In 1935, the Office of Southern Relations of the Generalitat of Catalonia published in Barcelona his work Gramatica occitana segon los parlars lengadocians, dedicated exclusively to the speakers of Languedoc, which served as the base for the purification of the rest of the Occitan dialects.
After World War II, in 1946, Alibert was convicted of Indignité nationale as a collaborator with Nazi Germany.
Alibert also worked toward the creation of a common literary language, a goal partially reached after the Second World War by the new Institut d'Estudis Occitans, successor to the Societat.
In his later years he recompiled materials for an Occitan dictionary, destined to end with the fragmentation of the literary language and the Frankification of the vocabulary, orthography, and syntax.