Born in Montreal, Lower Canada, the son of Pierre Beaubien, a physician and politician, and Marie-Justine Casgrain, he was one of the founders of Outremont.

In 1891, he was named commissioner of agriculture and colonization in the cabinet of Charles Boucher de Boucherville.

He would remain in this post in the cabinets of Louis-Olivier Taillon and Edmund James Flynn.

They had four sons and four daughters, including Charles-Philippe Beaubien, the Canadian senator.

Beaubien died in 1915 and is buried in the Notre Dame des Neiges Cemetery.