Although an unexceptional officer, Duchambon gained promotions through seniority and his friendship with Governor Saint-Ovide.
Duchambon was appointment in April 1744 to replace François Le Coutre de Bourville as King's lieutenant of Île Royale.
In October he became Governor of the colony when Commandant Jean-Baptiste-Louis Le Prévost Duquesnel suddenly died.
In March 1746 Duchambon retired and spent his later years at Chalais in his native Saintonge, where he lived off his pension and a small income from property.
He had married in 1709 with Jeanne Mius d’Entremont de Pobomcoup and had at least 7 sons, including