Louis was the eldest son of Guy I, Count of Blois and Margaret of Valois, the sister of King Philip VI of France.
[1] Born into the House of Châtillon, Louis was part of a prestigious military family with strong connections to the royal House of Valois and with great possessions in northeastern France centred around the county of Blois.
They had three children: When the Duke of Brittany died in April 1341, Charles of Blois' claim on the duchy was contested by the old duke's half-brother John of Montfort, leading to the outbreak of the War of the Breton Succession.
With the backing of their uncle Philip VI, Louis of Blois supported his brother's claim and served as one of his chief lieutenants, alongside Charles of Spain.
On 15 April 1342, Louis joined his brother on a successful attack on Rennes, easily capturing the Montforts' easternmost stronghold.