[1] Louis the Stammerer was physically weak and outlived his father by a year and a half.

Louis succeeded his younger brother Charles the Child as the ruler of Aquitaine in 866 and his father in West Francia in 877, but he was never crowned emperor.

He was crowned king on 8 October 877 by Hincmar, archbishop of Reims, at Compiegne[2] and was crowned a second time in August 878 by Pope John VIII at Troyes while the pope was attending a council there.

On his death, his realms were divided between his two sons, Carloman II and Louis III of France.

By his second wife, Adelaide of Paris,[2]he had Ermentrude (874–914)[5] and a posthumous child, Charles the Simple, who became, long after his elder brothers' deaths, king of West Francia.