After the fall of the Laval government he was Minister of Commerce, Posts, Telegraphs and Telephones in the cabinet of André Tardieu from 20 February to 3 June 1932.

He was Minister of Colonies from 13 October 1934 to 24 January 1936 in the successive governments of Gaston Doumergue, Pierre-Étienne Flandin, Fernand Bouisson and Pierre Laval.

[1] During 1933 and 1934 Rollin was among those who worked hard to find places at French universities for Jewish scholars fleeing Nazi persecution in Germany.

[3] In the spring of 1939, he pleaded with the government to implement the amnesty plan under which Jewish refugees could "reconstruct their lives on a dignified and stable foundation ... in France or elsewhere.

He opposed signature of the armistice after the German invasion of France, but on 10 July 1940 voted in favor of giving Marshal Philippe Pétain full executive powers.

He came into contact with the French Resistance group Ceux de la Libération-Vengeance, and transmitted military intelligence to the allies with the aid of the engineer Pierre Schnell, who had a secret transmitter.

Rollin and Frédéric Dupont headed the PRL list in the election for the first legislature of the French Fourth Republic, and were both reelected in November 1946.