Born in Paris to Hercule Mériadec de Rohan and his wife Anne Geneviève de Lévis, as a member of the House of Rohan, she was entitled to the rank of Princesse étranger with the style of Highness.

Her siblings included Louise Françoise, Duchess of La Meilleraye (married a grandson of Hortense Mancini and present ancestress of the Prince of Monaco) Jules, Prince of Soubise, Marie Isabelle, Duchess of Tallard, Governess of the Children of France.

Her uncle was the Bishop of Strasbourg, alleged son of Louis XIV.

They were married on 4 August 1718 at Jouarre Abbey where her older sister Charlotte Armande was Abbess.

Two days later Charlotte Louise married the Italian Prince of Masserano.