Louise O. Charlton (January 27, 1889 – December 23, 1967) was an American judge and U.S. Commissioner who served in Birmingham, Alabama for over four decades.

[13] When her marriage ended, Charlton moved back to Louisville, to take a job as a school principal, but in 1924, she was hired as a United States Commissioner, at the Birmingham federal courthouse.

[19][20] She worked with first lady Eleanor Roosevelt; Virginia Foster Durr a feminist and leader in the poll tax repeal movement; Clyde Helms, a prominent Baptist minister; William Mitch, district president of the United Mine Workers; and Sam E. Roper, president of the Alabama Federation of Labor, among others.

[22][23] During the Red Scare and rising McCarthyism, including investigations by the House Un-American Activities Committee, Charlton resigned from the Southern Conference in 1946.

[24] Charlton remained active in environmental issues, like questioning a city plan to fluoridate Birmingham's water supply in 1953 and arguing against turning parkland into a highway in 1956.