The Low Voltage Directive does not supply any specific technical standards that must be met, instead relying on IEC technical standards to guide designers to produce safe products.
But the legal and general requirements have changed significantly (obligations of manufacturers, dealers, marketers) and penalties are called for in the event of infringements of the directive.
They must be determined by the respective Member States and should be (literally) effective, proportionate and dissuasive.
[3] Certain classes of equipment, covered by other technical standards, are listed in Annex II of the Directive as excluded from its scope.
In the United Kingdom, the directive is implemented by "The Electrical Equipment (Safety) Regulations 2016".