[5] In 875, Emperor Louis II died, and his domains in Burgundy (both Upper and Lower) went to Charles the Bald, thus being integrated into West Francia.

In 877, King Charles was succeeded by his son Louis the Stammerer, who ruled over West Francia, including Burgundy.

[2] The Kingdom of Provence comprised the ecclesiastical provinces of the archbishops of Arles, Aix, Vienne, Lyon (without Langres), and probably Besançon, as well as the dioceses of Tarentaise, Uzès, and Viviers.

[citation needed] When Carloman died on 12 December 884, the nobles of that kingdom (which included Lower Burgundy), invited Charles the Fat to assume the kingship.

[citation needed] Louis the Blind was invited into Italy by Adalbert II of Tuscany who wished to keep Berengar of Friuli from gaining control of the Italian peninsula.

After failing to expand his power by a marriage to Marozia (the effective ruler of Rome), Hugh spent the next five years of his reign fighting Magyar raids and Andalusian pirates.