Luca Conference

The meeting renewed the fraying political alliance, and further cemented the three men's increasing consolidation of power in the Roman Republic.

His consulship had been controversial, but in many ways was mild in comparison with the turbulent months that followed, when orchestrated mob violence, instigated by Clodius, became a regular feature of public life.”[3] Clodius's violent populist campaigns had been undermining relations between Crassus and Pompey, likely with either the former’s [4] and/or Caesar's secret blessing; and neither Crassus nor Pompey were comfortable with the glory Caesar was winning in his Gallic campaign.

"[5] Early in the year, before the military campaigning season had begun, Caesar invited Marcus Crassus, then Pompey, to a meeting.

Suetonius says that: "Caesar made Pompey and Crassus come to Luca, a city in his province, where he persuaded them to seek a second consulship, thwart Domitius, and secure for him a five year extension to his provincial command.

At the end of their joint consular year, Crassus would get the influential and lucrative governorship of Syria, to use as a base for a grand campaign to conquer Parthia.

[10][11] "In this way, since after their consulship Pompey and Crassus could expect major provincial commands, all three men would have armies and formal imperium for the next few years.

He holds that Caesar was using the winter to maintain high office, and spent lavishly to secure votes and favors in Rome.

Appian also holds that an agreement was reached (in private) as well as that Pompey and Crassus's forces nearly killed Ahenobarbus on a very violent election day.

Dio also notes that Publius Crassus, son of Marcus, brought troops to help ensure Pompey and his father's election.

Furthermore, he says it cements the idea that the triumvirs kept the terms of the deal partially secret until Pompey and Crassus ran as consuls late in the year.

Ward analyzes that Cicero likely knew some sort of ominous bargain had been struck at Luca, but did not know the extent of the danger until the fall.

[7][8] The Conference forestalled a civil war by binding the fates of three power hungry and ambitious men, but it did not prevent conflict forever.

The death of Crassus in 53 BC at the disastrous Battle of Carrhae destroyed the political balance the triumvirate created at Luca, foreshadowing Caesar's Civil War and the end of the Roman Republic.

From left to right: Caesar , Crassus , and Pompey