Lucanians

[3][4] Around the middle of the 5th century BC, the Lucani moved south into Oenotria, driving the indigenous tribes, known to the Greeks as Oenotrians, Chones, and Lauternoi, into the mountainous interior.

[5][6] The Lucanians were engaged in hostilities with the Greek colony of Taras/Tarentum and with Alexander, king of Epirus who was called in by the Tarentine people to their assistance in 334 BC.

The Lucanians and Bruttians laid siege to Thurii in 282 BC and a Roman army sent to its relief under Gaius Fabricius Luscinus defeated them.

The region never recovered from these disasters and under the Roman government fell into decay to which the Social War, in which the Lucanians took part with the Samnites against Rome (91 - 88 BC), gave the finishing stroke.

A large part of the province was given up to pasture, and the mountains were covered with forests, which abounded in wild boars, bears and wolves.

The Oscan language in the 5th century BC.
A Gold coin from Lucania dated between 620 and 294 BC
A mounted Lucani warrior, fresco from a tomb of Paestum , Italy, c. 360 BC
Duel of Lucanian warriors, fresco from a tomb of the 4th century BC.