Lucien Cayeux (26 March 1864–1 November 1944) was a French sedimentary petrographer.
In 1912, he was named as professor of geology at the Collège de France.
He is noted for his study of sediments with the polarizing microscope, and was one of the pioneers in this field.
The wrinkle ridge Dorsum Cayeux on the moon is named after him.
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