An alternative country and roots rock record about the complexities of romantic relationships, Lucinda Williams was met with widespread critical acclaim upon release and has since been viewed as a leading work in the development of the Americana movement.

[5] Greg Kot wrote in the Chicago Tribune, "like the music, which drifts between the lonesome worlds of country and blues, the lyrics can't be pinned down: They speak of the ambivalence that shades love and loss.

[20] Rolling Stone magazine's Steve Pond gave Lucinda Williams three-and-a-half out of five stars in a contemporary review and felt the unadorned musical approach occasionally exposes some unpleasant lyrics and hesitant singing, but it also makes Williams sound like an honest narrator to listeners as she avoids clichés and evasive language in her songwriting.

[21] Rating the album seven out of ten in NME, Stuart Bailie deemed it an "encouraging" work whose "bluesy and countrified" material shows that Williams is skilled at interpreting traditional musical styles with "a bright, often contemporary swing".

Iyengar saw Williams as a meticulous composer whose voice and tough perspective work well with her music's mix of country, blues, folk, and rock styles on the album: "In addition to writing strong melodies, Williams is an amazing songwriter with a knack for writing a lyric that acknowledges the complicated nature of relationships while cutting right to the heart of the matter.

"[8] In The Rolling Stone Album Guide (2004), David McGee and Milo Miles said she had progressed astonishingly over her previous work, transitioned confidently into rock music, and made her songs more interesting with darker lyrics: "There's not a false step, and the depth of feeling is powerful.