Ludvig Harboe (16 August 1709 – 15 June 1783) was a Danish theologian and bishop of the Diocese of Zealand from 1757 until his death.

Then he studied at the universities of Rostock, Wittenberg and Jena returning home to Broager during 1732.

After returning to Copenhagen in 1745, he was consecrated as Bishop and soon left for Trondheim, the seat of his new diocese.

He arrived in Trondheim on 1 July 1746 and served there for two more years before leaving the post and returning to Copenhagen.

He then worked with his new father-in-law in Denmark, and when Hersleb died in 1757, Harboe was appointed to replace him.