Karl Albert Ludwig Aschoff (10 January 1866 – 24 June 1942) was a German physician and pathologist.

After his habilitation in 1894, Ludwig Aschoff was appointed professor for pathology at the University of Göttingen in 1901.

He discovered nodules in the myocardium present during rheumatic fever, the so-called Aschoff bodies.

Aschoff's popularity in Japanese medicine had its roots in his work with Tawara and a journey through Japan in 1924.

[2] His grave is preserved in the Protestant Friedhof I der Jerusalems- und Neuen Kirchengemeinde (Cemetery No.