[5] Educated in North America, and bilingual in Spanish and English, Miguel Castilla holds a B.A.

[7] On 28 July 2011, newly elected President Ollanta Humala appointed him as Minister of Economy and Finance.

The choice of Castilla – who is characterised as an orthodox pro-market economist[8] – was estimated as a sign for Humala's intention to pursue a reasonable and moderate economic policy and to remove the fears of a radical shift to the left.

[9] On September 14, 2014, he resigned after spending three years in it, leaving economist Alonso Segura as his successor.

[11] President: Ollanta Humala 1st Vice President: Marisol Espinoza 2nd Vice President: Vacant (since 16 January 2012) Prime Minister: René Cornejo Foreign: Eda Rivas Gonzalo Gutiérrez Reinel Defense: Peter Cateriano Bellido Agriculture: Juan Benites Labor: Ana Jara Women: Carmen Omonte Economy and Finance: Miguel Castilla Transportation and Communication: Carlos Paredes José Gallardo Ku Housing: Milton von Hesse Foreign Commerce and Tourism: Magali Silva Production: Piero Ghezzi Development and Social Inclusion: Paola Bustamante Health: Midori de Habich Energy and Mines: Eleodoro Mayorga Education: Jaime Saavedra Interior: Walter Albán Daniel Urresti Justice: Daniel Figallo Environment: Manuel Pulgar-Vidal Culture: Diana Álvarez Calderón President: Ollanta Humala 1st Vice President: Marisol Espinoza Prime Minister: Juan Jiménez Mayor Foreign: Rafael Roncagliolo Defense: Peter Cateriano Bellido Agriculture: Milton Von Hesse Labor: José Villena Women: Ana Jara Economy and Finance: Miguel Castilla Transportation and Communication: Carlos Paredes Housing: René Cornejo Foreign Commerce and Tourism: José Luis Silva Martinot Production: José Urquizo Development and Social Inclusion: Carolina Trivelli Health: Midori de Habich Energy and Mines: Jorge Merino Tafur Education: Patricia Salas Interior: Wilfredo Pedraza Justice: Eda Rivas Environment: Manuel Pulgar Vidal Culture: Luis Peirano President: Ollanta Humala 1st Vice President: Marisol Espinoza 2nd Vice President: Omar Chehade (resigned) Prime Minister: Oscar Valdés Foreign: Rafael Roncagliolo Defense: Luis Alberto Otárola Agriculture: Luis Ginocchio Labor: José Villena Women: Ana Jara Economy and Finance: Miguel Castilla Transportation and Communication: Carlos Paredes Housing: René Cornejo Foreign Commerce and Tourism: José Luis Silva Martinot Production: José Urquizo Development and Social Inclusion: Carolina Trivelli Health: Alberto Tejada Noriega Energy and Mines: Jorge Merino Tafur Education: Patricia Salas Interior: Daniel Lozada (resigned) William Calle Justice: Juan Jiménez Mayor Environment: Manuel Pulgar Vidal Culture: Luis Peirano President: Ollanta Humala 1st Vice President: Marisol Espinoza 2nd Vice President: Omar Chehade (Resigned) Prime Minister: Salomon Lerner (July-Dec 2011) Foreign: Rafael Roncagliolo Defense: Daniel Mora Agriculture: Miguel Caillaux Labor: Rudecindo Vega Women: Aída García-Naranjo Economy and Finance: Miguel Castilla Transportation and Communication: Carlos Paredes Housing: René Cornejo Foreign Commerce and Tourism: José Luis Silva Martinot Production: Kurt Burneo Development and Social Inclusion: Kurt Burneo Health: Alberto Tejada Noriega Energy and Mines: Carlos Herrera Education: Patricia Salas Interior: Oscar Valdés Justice: Francisco Eguiguren Environment: Ricardo Giesecke Culture: Susana Baca