[2] Following his education in Paris and medical revalidation in Barcelona, Spain, he became an assistant physician in the French Military amid the Franco-Prussian War of 1870.

Montané contributed to Dr. Juan Santos Fernández's medical journal titled, Crónica Médico-Quirúrgica de La Habana (English: Medical-Surgical Chronicle of Havana), established in the following year.

[11] In 1893, the U.S. National Museum acquired his archaeological work for the World's Columbian Exposition, showcasing photos of stone implements, carvings, pottery fragments, and human skulls discovered near Cape Maisí.

[5] In September 1899, he participated in an examination of Gen. Antonio Maceo's skull with Anthropologist Carlos de la Torre and Jose Montalvo.

Occupation of Cuba in December 1899, the Military Governor Leonard Wood assigned Dr. Montané as chairman of General Anthropology with Anthropometrical Exercises within the Faculty of Sciences at Havana University.

[11] He was tasked by the Gómez administration in 1910 to research the Banao hills in Sancti Spíritus Province, where ancient remains were discovered in the caves.

[17] The genus and species Montaneia anthropomorpha was established by Argentine naturalist Florentino Ameghino in 1911, derived from 16 teeth from a mandible found by Montané in the pre-Columbian cave.

[18] In 1913, the anthropology professor presented a study titled Découverte des premières Sepultures Indiennes de Cuba at the Baird Auditorium in Washington, D.C..[19] By the mid-1910s, he was distinguished as a Knight of the Legion of Honor.