Luitpoldings

The Luitpoldings disappear from history after the 10th century, but several houses that are thought to be descending from them (such as the Wittelsbach and the Babenberger) would continue to thrive.

This relation may have gone through Luitpold's father Ernst II, whose possible sister Liutswind was married to the Carolingian King Carloman of Bavaria, and were the parents of Arnulf.

At the same time, the Younger Babenberger, through their progenitor Leopold I, Margrave of Austria, are often assumed in older literature to descend from Luitpold (most likely due to the similarity of their names).

This daughter married Henry III of Babenberg, a surviving son after the Feud, binding the two dynasties together and adding further legitimacy to Luitpold's power.

While the Kingdom of Germany emerged under the rule of King Conrad I and his successors of the Ottonian dynasty, Luitpold's son and heir Arnulf the Bad was backed by the local nobility and adopted the Bavarian ducal title.

He reorganized the duchy's defenses against the Hungarian invaders and, according to the contemporary Annales iuvavenses, built up a king-like position at his Regensburg residence.

Given a free hand, he campaigned in the lands of the Přemyslid duke Wenceslaus of Bohemia and even invaded the Kingdom of Italy in 933–934 in order to obtain the Iron Crown of Lombardy for his son Eberhard, though without success.

Instead of Eberhard, King Otto appointed Arnulf's brother Berthold duke, after the latter had renounced the exercise of the Bavarian liberties.

In 976, Henry the Younger received a certain compensation from Emperor Otto II with the newly established Duchy of Carinthia, and even managed to regain the Bavarian ducal title in 983.