Since 1850, especially between 1883 et 1885 and notably in 1908, a large number of mammal fossils have been discovered in Orleanian sands in Lumeau (Burdigalian stage of Miocene).

Species discovered in the Orleanian sands at Lumeau include : teleoceras aurelianensis, mastodon turicensis, mastodon tapiroides, palaeomeryx kaupi, palaeomeryx, anchitherium aurelianensis, prolagus, steneofiber viciacensis, listriodon lockharti, hyotherium, palaeochoerus, pseudaelurus, genetta, ursidae, amphicyon, hyaenidae.

The crossing of the Rhine in year 406 resulted in settlements of Vandals, Alemanni and Alans as foederati in the neighbourhoods of Lumeau and their later integration with the local population.

Attila and the Huns marched towards Orleans in year 450 but the region was protected by Flavius Aetius' Roman army with Alan auxiliary troops and Salian Franks allies.

In Neuvilliers hamlet of Lumeau, a tomb was discovered nearby a farm, including a gallery and a circular room used from the late antiquity to the 12th century, which are part of a very important network dating from the Middle Ages.

During the Franco-Prussian War of 1870, Lumeau was in the middle of the Loigny-Poupry battlefield, between the French Armée de la Loire and the Bavarian and Prussian troops.