It takes its name from French mathematician, physicist, and philosopher Sophie Germain who lived in Paris.
A group in stone, La Famille, by Louis Armand Barbery and a marble bust of Sophie Germain adorn the lycée courtyard.
The buildings were originally part of the Hermitage, which then became the hôtel de Fourcy.
Originally a female annex to the lycée Charlemagne close by, the establishment became independent in the 1970s.
In 1979, the first class started the lycée and the attendance was up to 1000 students.