Lydia Mugambe, is a Ugandan lawyer who served as judge at the High Court of Uganda between May 2013 and September 2020.

She was then awarded a Diploma in Legal Practice by the Law Development Centre, in Kampala, Uganda's capital city.

[4][5] In January 2017, Justice Mugambe delivered a judgement against Mulago National Referral Hospital, which had been sued by Jennifer Musimenta and her husband Micheal Mubangaizi, for the disappearance of their newborn baby.

[6][7] The ruling is hailed by legal observers and non-profit organisations in Uganda, as a watershed judgment, towards the recognition of "the rights of poor, vulnerable and marginalized women".

[8] In 2024 Justice Mugambe was charged in connection with a modern slavery investigation, with the trial scheduled to begin on February 10th 2025[9].