Lydia T. Black (Russian: Лидия Сергеевна Блэк, romanized: Lidiya Sergeyevna Blek; December 16, 1925 – March 12, 2007) was an American anthropologist.

[1] She won an American Book Award for Russians in Tlingit America: The Battles of Sitka, 1802 And 1804.

She was enlisted by the Americans as a translator, at the United Nations Relief and Rehabilitation Administration displaced children's camp, since she could speak six languages.

[1] She worked translating and cataloging the Russian archives of Saint Herman's Orthodox Theological Seminary, earning the Cross of St.

[4] In April 2001, she, along with fellow anthropologist and historian and close colleague Richard Pierce, historians Barbara Sweetland Smith, John Middleton-Tidwell, and Viktor Petrov (posthumous), was decorated by the Russian Federation with the Order of Friendship Medal, which they received at the Russian consulate in San Francisco.