After graduate school, Davis split her time between academia and government service.
During the Carter administration, she served as Deputy Assistant Secretary of Defense for Policy Plans.
She held this position until 1989, when she joined the RAND Corporation at its headquarters in Santa Monica, California.
In February 1993, President of the United States Bill Clinton nominated Davis to be Under Secretary of State for Arms Control and International Security Affairs.
After Senate confirmation, she subsequently held this office from April 1, 1993, until August 8, 1997.