Maruthaiya Palaniyandi (10 December 1918 – 9 March 2005) was an Indian politician and trade union leader from Tamil Nadu.
After completing his S. S. L. C., Palaniyandi entered politics and served as a trade union leader.
Palaniyandi joined the Indian National Congress and was elected to the Madras Legislative Assembly in 1952 from Lalgudi.
Palaniyandi served as a member of the Lok Sabha from 1957 to 1962 when he lost to Era Seziyan of the Dravida Munnetra Kazhagam.
He was President of the Tamil Nadu Pradesh Congress Committee from 1983 to 1988.