[21] The cancer center is named after Monroe Dunaway Anderson, who feared that in the event of one of the partners' deaths, his company would lose a large amount of money to estate tax and be forced to dissolve.

MD Anderson offers a vast number of medical residency and fellowship programs across a comprehensive range of specialties in cancer treatment, diagnostics, and complex surgery.

Additionally, the institution offers bachelor's and master's degrees to students enrolled in The UT MD Anderson Cancer Center School of Health Professions.

The University of Texas MD Anderson Cancer Center has consistently ranked as the world's #1 hospital in oncology care and research.

This ranking marks the tenth consecutive year that MD Anderson has achieved the top position, maintaining its leading status since 2014.

[41] The terms of reference engage the MD Anderson Center in the development of palliative care programs throughout Latin America and the Caribbean.

[48] The South Campus is home to the McCombs Institute for the Early Detection and Treatment of Cancer,[49] which includes seven translational research centers focused on genomics, proteomics, screening, diagnostic imaging and drug development.

This building will house several of MD Anderson's strategic research programs, including the newly established James P. Allison Institute.

[57] The TMC3 Collaborative Building in the Helix Park will also host commercial life sciences companies, industry leaders, and TMC Venture Fund.

[59] At the TMC Helix Park campus, healthcare professionals, academics, and business leaders collaborate to develop new medicines, medical devices, diagnostics, digital health platforms, and treatment solutions.

[62] MD Anderson Children's Cancer Hospital is located on the 9th floor of the main building at the Texas Medical Center, Houston campus.

[67] Allison was awarded the 2018 Nobel Prize in Physiology or Medicine jointly with Tasuku Honjo "for their discovery of cancer therapy by inhibition of negative immune regulation".

This initiative underscores MD Anderson's commitment to global health by fostering international collaborations and supporting capacity building in regions with limited resources.

This initiative focuses on enhancing prevention, early detection, and treatment strategies to improve women's health outcomes worldwide.

[100] English physicist Leonard Grimmett and French-born physician Gilbert Fletcher at MD Anderson design a revolutionary cobalt-60 unit, transforming radiation therapy.

MD Anderson demonstrates the efficacy of lumpectomy followed by radiation therapy, establishing a global standard in breast cancer treatment.

MD Anderson partnered with IBM to develop a simplified blood cell separator, revolutionizing blood component therapy accessibility and transforming its availability and use throughout the U.S. MD Anderson installs the nation's first medical cyclotron with funding from the National Cancer Institute, advancing cancer treatment technology.

MD Anderson opens the first operating room with a linear accelerator for electron beam radiotherapy, enhancing surgical cancer treatment.

Scientists at MD Anderson develop IMRT, a precise radiation therapy technique conforming doses to tumor shapes in three dimensions.

MD Anderson introduces pencil beam scanning in its proton therapy facility, enhancing precision and sparing healthy tissue in cancer treatment.

MD Anderson researchers demonstrate the efficacy of dasatinib and nilotinib, leading to FDA approval for Gleevec-resistant chronic myelogenous leukemia.

MD Anderson launches the Moon Shots Program® in 2012, a bold initiative aimed at accelerating the pace of converting scientific discoveries into clinical advances that significantly impact patient care.

The program focuses on tackling cancer by uniting multidisciplinary teams of researchers, clinicians, and industry partners to pursue innovative approaches.

Each "moon shot" aims to address specific cancer types or challenges, utilizing cutting-edge technologies and collaborative efforts to achieve ambitious goals in prevention, diagnosis, and treatment.

Through this initiative, MD Anderson continues to lead the way in advancing cancer research and translating findings into practical solutions for patients worldwide.

Since its inception in 1973, the program has transformed artworks created by young patients into products such as greeting cards, apparel, and home décor.