It was originally created by Norman Mackworth as an experimental simulation of long term monitoring by radar operators in the British Air Force during World War II.
At infrequent and irregular intervals, the hand makes a double jump, e.g. 12 times every 30 seconds.
The task is to detect when the double jumps occur by pressing a button.
[2] The Mackworth Clock was used to establish one of the fundamental findings in the vigilance and sustained attention literature: the vigilance decrement (signal detection accuracy) decreases notably after 30 minutes on task.
The test continues to be used today in vigilance research in various forms, including computer-displayed versions.