Located in the southwestern part of the county, it borders the following townships: Several towns are located in Mad River Township: Mad River Township is named from the Mad River, which forms its western boundary.

[4] Statewide, the only other Mad River Township is located in Champaign County.

The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

The majority of the township is in the Greenon Local School District.

The township extends into Yellow Springs Exempted Village School District and Fairborn City School District.