[11][12] Madhesh has also been defined as the cultural and linguistic space existing as a basis for identity among the people of the Terai.

[14] It received its current name on 17 January 2022, when the provincial assembly declared Janakpur as its capital.

Teli (5.10%), Koiri/Kushwaha (4.56%), Chamar (4.22%), Musahar (3.02%), Kurmi (2.83%), Dusadh (2.79%), Mallaah (2.26%), Maithil Brahmin (2.2%), and Karan Kayastha (1.5%) are other Madhesi pandit (8.0) groups in the province.

Bahun and Chhetri are the largest Khas Arya groups in the province making up 2.34% and 1.99% of the population, respectively.

The present Governor and Chief Minister are Sumitra Bhandari and Satish Kumar Singh respectively.

The Provincial Assembly of Madhesh Province is temporarily housed at the District Education Office in Janakpur.

[25] The Tribhuvan Highway also crosses a part of the province and connects it to the Kathmandu Valley and India.

[citation needed] The Paag is a headdress in the Mithila region of Nepal and India worn by Maithil people.

The Paag dates back to pre-historic times when it was made of plant leaves.

[27] This painting as a form of wall art was practiced widely throughout the region; the more recent development of painting on paper and canvas originated among the villages around Madhubani, and it is these latter developments that may correctly be referred to as Madhubani art.

[28] Artists create these paintings using a variety of mediums, including their own fingers, or twigs, brushes, nib-pens, and matchsticks.

[31] Jhijhiya is mostly performed at time of Dusshera, in dedication to Durga Bhairavi, the goddess of victory.

[32] While performing jhijhiya, women put lanterns made of clay on their head and they balance it while they dance.

[33] Domkach is a folk dance performed in Mithila and Bhojpur regions of Madhesh Province.

It is based on the love story of hero jat and heroine Jatin and their lives.

As a political center of the country, Madhesh Province is home to prominent leaders like Ram Baran Yadav, Bimalendra Nidhi and Pradeep Giri from the Nepali Congress, Mahantha Thakur from Loktantrik Samajwadi Party, Nepal, Matrika Yadav from CPN (Maoist Centre) and Dharmanath Prasad Sah, Bansidhar Mishra, Ram Chandra Jha from the CPN (Unified Socialist) who have been ministers at various point of time and are still active at National level.