It consists of an executive, led by the governor of Madhya Pradesh, a judiciary and a legislative branch.

The legislative house, Madhya Pradesh Vidhan Sabha consists 230 Members of Legislative Assembly (MLA) elected directly from single-seat constituencies and one nominated member.

[3] On 1 February 2016 the Madhya Pradesh legislative assembly banned the use of English for government purposes, effectively Hindi will be used for all official purposes, and issued instructions to officials not to harass employees who do not know English.

[4] On 4 December 2017, Madhya Pradesh Assembly unanimously passed a Bill awarding death to those found guilty of raping girls aged 12 and below.

The Madhya Pradesh High Court, located in Jabalpur, has jurisdiction over the whole state.