[5] The nearby town of Madisonville was a settlement along the stagecoach route on the Natchez Trace.

Like many railroad towns in the South, Madison Station was heavily damaged by the Union Army during the Civil War.

In 1897, the Madison Land Company encouraged northerners to "Go South, and grow up with the country."

It claimed that Mississippi had the lowest debt ratio in the United States at $19.00 per capita and that Mississippians were one-third healthier by "official figures" than people in New York and Massachusetts.

[5] After many years of court battles, the city annexed other territory to expand its limits in size in the late 2000s.

Many homes were severely damaged or destroyed, including some that were leveled and swept from their foundations in the Fairfield subdivision.

The tornado traveled 11.5 miles (18.5 km) across Madison County, damaging or destroying 164 homes along the path.

[1] The east side of the city drains to the Ross Barnett Reservoir on the Pearl River, while the northern part drains to Bear Creek, a tributary of the Big Black River, and the western part drains to Limekiln Creek, a tributary of Bogue Chitto Creek, which also flows to the Big Black.

As of the 2020 United States Census, there were 27,747 people, 8,972 households, and 7,121 families residing in the city.

Madison-Ridgeland Academy is a 6A private high school and member of the MSAIS located in Madison.

[citation needed] There is one small airport in the city, Bruce Campbell Field.