Madison is a city in Monroe County, Missouri, United States.

In 1837, Abernathy laid out and divided 40 acres of land in the town into 90 lots, which he sold for $1,100 (equivalent to $29,622 in 2023).

[8] Madison is in western Monroe County along U.S. Route 24 (Broadway Street), which leads east 11 miles (18 km) to Paris, the county seat, and west 14 miles (23 km) to Moberly.

According to the U.S. Census Bureau, Madison has a total area of 0.45 square miles (1.17 km2), all land.

[1] Land within the city limits drains northwest to Pedee Branch, a north-flowing tributary of Flat Creek, which in turn leads to the Middle Fork of the Salt River; and southeast toward the Elk Fork of the Salt River.

There were 281 housing units at an average density of 624.4 per square mile (241.1/km2).

34.2% of all households were made up of individuals, and 18.1% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.

29.8% of all households were made up of individuals, and 16.7% had someone living alone who was 65 years of age or older.