Madison Township is one of the eighteen townships of Columbiana County, Ohio, United States.

Located in the southeastern part of the county, it borders the following townships: One unincorporated community is located in Madison Township: It is one of twenty Madison Townships statewide.

[5] The township is governed by a three-member board of trustees, who are elected in November of odd-numbered years to a four-year term beginning on the following January 1.

There is also an elected township fiscal officer,[6] who serves a four-year term beginning on April 1 of the year after the election, which is held in November of the year before the presidential election.

Vacancies in the fiscal officership or on the board of trustees are filled by the remaining trustees.