[1] Note that the mid-2022 estimates were revised from 757,665 to 761,392, but the mid-2023 official figures showed a drop in population as shown in the table below.

The table also includes the number of administrative villages in each district (totaling 198 rural desa and eight urban kelurahan), and its postal codes.

In the course of the history of Mataram, Madiun is very strategically located in the region since the middle of the border with the kingdom of Kadiri (Daha).

Leftist parties led an uprising against the leaders of the newly declared Indonesian Republic, but it was quashed by Republican forces.

Judging the time as right for a proletarian uprising, they intended it to be a rallying center for revolt against "Sukarno-Hatta, the slaves of the Japanese and America".

Madiun, however, was won back by Republican forces within a few weeks, and the insurgency leader, Musso, was killed.

During the fighting, RM Suryo, the governor of East Java, as well as several police officers and religious leaders, were killed by the rebels.

The quashing of the rebellion ended a dangerous distraction for the Revolution, turning vague American sympathies based on anti-colonial sentiments into diplomatic support.

Internationally, the Republic was now seen as being staunchly anti-communist and a potential ally in the brewing global Cold War between the American-led 'free world' and the Soviet-led bloc.